不(bu)要輕視(shi)小小電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器哦。他的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)很大，你(ni)看有(you)沒(mei)有(you)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)他的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品(pin)不(bu)。什么地方都有(you)如果用(yong)(yong)得(de)不(bu)好，死得(de)難看的(de)，所以(yi)首先(xian)介紹電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)為無源元(yuan)件之一的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)外乎以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)種：
1、應用于(yu)電源電路，實現(xian)旁路、去藕、濾波和儲(chu)能(neng)方面(mian)電容的作用，下(xia)面(mian)分類詳(xiang)述之
濾(lv)波(bo)是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)作用(yong)中很重要(yao)的(de)一(yi)部分。幾(ji)乎所有(you)(you)(you)的(de)電(dian)源電(dian)路(lu)中都會(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)到。從理(li)論上(即假設電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)為純電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong))說，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)越大(da)(da)(da)，阻抗越小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，通(tong)過(guo)的(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)也(ye)越高(gao)。但實際上超過(guo)1uF的(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)大(da)(da)(da)多為電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，有(you)(you)(you)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)感(gan)成份，所以頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)高(gao)后(hou)反而(er)阻抗會(hui)(hui)(hui)增大(da)(da)(da)。有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)看到有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量較大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)并聯了一(yi)個小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，這(zhe)時(shi)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)通(tong)低(di)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)通(tong)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)。電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)作用(yong)就(jiu)是通(tong)高(gao)阻低(di)，通(tong)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)阻低(di)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)。電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)越大(da)(da)(da)低(di)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)越容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易通(tong)過(guo)，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)越大(da)(da)(da)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)越容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易通(tong)過(guo)。具體用(yong)在濾(lv)波(bo)中,大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(1000uF)濾(lv)低(di)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(20pF)濾(lv)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)。
曾有網友(you)將(jiang)濾(lv)波電容(rong) 比作“水塘”。由于電容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)兩端電壓不會(hui)突變(bian)，由此可知，信號頻率越(yue)高則衰減越(yue)大，可很形象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)電容(rong)像個水塘，不會(hui)因幾(ji)滴水的(de)(de)(de)加入或蒸發而引起水量的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)。 它(ta)把電壓的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)動轉化(hua)為電流的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，頻率越(yue)高，峰值電流就(jiu)越(yue)大，從而緩沖了電壓。濾(lv)波就(jiu)是充(chong)電，放電的(de)(de)(de)過程。
旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是為(wei)本地(di)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件提供能(neng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，它能(neng)使穩壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出均勻化，降(jiang)低負載需求。就像小型(xing)可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)一樣，旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)能(neng)夠被充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，并向器(qi)(qi)(qi)件進行放 電(dian)(dian)。為(wei)盡量(liang)減少阻抗，旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)要盡量(liang)靠近負載器(qi)(qi)(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源管(guan)(guan)腳和(he)地(di)管(guan)(guan)腳。這能(neng)夠很好地(di)防(fang)止輸(shu)(shu)入值(zhi)過(guo)(guo)大(da)而(er)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)電(dian)(dian)位抬(tai)高和(he)噪聲。地(di)彈是地(di)連接處在(zai)通過(guo)(guo)大(da) 電(dian)(dian)流(liu)毛刺時的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)。
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